Pipe and nut wrench



Wheaaaii B. DONAHUE.

PIPE AND NIIT WRENCH. No. 414,799. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

7i W 'Ei I Jmnior ,bermrazfiomm UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

To all whom it mag concern.-

HERNARD DONAIIUE, OF YONKERS, NE\\-"Y()ltl\".

PIPE-ANDVNUT WRENCH."

Si'EClLFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 414,799, dated November 12, 1889.

Application filed October 6, 1887. Serial No. 251,629. (NoniodeL) Be it known that I, BERNARD DONArIUE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the countyof Westchester and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Pipe and Nut Wrenches, of

'which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention has forits object to provide a pipe and nut wrench having a jawed sleeve adj ustable for nuts and pipes of varying sizes or diameter, and a novel moyable or self-adjustingtoothed pawl for gripping and turning pipes of varying diameter without 'the' possibility of the wrenchslipping on the pipe by the contact-point of the pipe with-the" pawl falling betweenthe points of two teeth. The object of my invention I accomplish by the combination of devices hereinafter depipe to be turned, and the other one 3 having scribed and claimed reference. being ,made to the accompanying -drawings, in -Which-' Figure 1 is alongitudinal central sectional view of an adjustable nut and pipe wrench embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a transverse sectional view on the line -00, Fig. 1;' Fig. 3,

avdetail perspective view of the diagonallytoot hed movable grip-pawl for the adjustable jawed sleeve, and- Fig. 4 a similar view showing a modification of the pawl.

In order toenable those skilled-in .the art to make and use my invention, 1 will now describe the same in detail, referring to the drawings, Wherein- The numeral 1 .indicates a" solid wrench.-

shank rectilinear in cross-section'and provided at one end with two stationary jaws, the one 2 having an inverted-V-shaped or angular recess 4 for receiving a portion of a a straight plane face 5 to bear upon part of an ordinary screw-nut to be screwed'up or unscrewed. The .adj ustable j awedsleeve consists of a sleeve 7, loosely engaged at one end by a rotating screw-nut 6-,'mounted on the screw-thread 22of the wrench-shank, said sleeve having at the other end the opposite jaws 8 and 8, the latter to coact with thefstationary nut-j aw 3 and the formerto carry the movable grip-pawl 12 to coact with the recessed pipe-jaw 2. The jawed sleeve is adju'stable to and from the stationary jaws through the medium of the rotating screwnut for thepurpose of adapting the wrench to operate practically and perfectly on nuts and pipes having a wide rangeof difference in diameter or size. The grip-pawl 2 is formed with a depending square or rectilinear shank -14, loosely fitting in a-rectilinear cavity 9 in the jaw 8, the said cavity being of substantially the same Width as the pawl-shank, but of greater length than the same to permit the pawl to move to and from the edge'of the wrench-shank 1, and the pawl-shank has a transverse slot 19, through which passes a detachable pin 20 for detachably connecting the pawl to it's carrying-j aw, while permitting the pawl to move as described 'lhe'reduced shank of ,the pawl provides the latter with side flanges 16, which, resting on the straight face -17 of the jaw 8, gives the pawl 'a base of support on the saidjaw equal to the 'widthtiiereof, thereby strengthening and preface obliquely to a line taken lengthwise through the pawl-body, and the latter is tapering, so that the oblique teeth, although of the same size themselves, recede in height with reference to the face of the movable jaw '8 from the outer end of the pawltoward the Wrench-shank, as beforest-ated. .The line of outwar from the inner end; of the. pawl, or, rather, in an oblique direction away from the wrench-shank. By this construction of the pawl the pipe when. grasped will have bearings in oblique lines'upon several different teeth-say four teethvof the pawl'if the pipe be large+and consequently itis impossible for the pawl to-slip from one tooth to another when gripping-a pipe, asoccurs when the teeth extend across'the pawl at right angles to its side, as in the'lat-ter case the contact between the pipe to be turned and the pawl f re qnently falls between two straight teeth, especially if the pipe be of small diameter, and consequently the pawl slips upon the pipe, and the wrench is rendered very objectionable if ,not practically useless.

ent teeth will engage the pipe in oblique lines,

thereby holding said pipe at as many and disdirection of these oblique teeth is obliquelyv In my construction .ofpawl several differ-' has pointed teeth 13 extending across its "-theymay extend in opposite directions fro'i'n the sides and-meet at the: center ofthe pawl? asshowirin the modifieation',-.Fig. 4; but in;

either event-they must run in an obliquedi ,rection away from'the'inner end of the pawl or awayfrom thewrench-shank;, The con-" struction and arrangement of the pawl with oblique or diagonal teeth, as explained, provide a more efficient gripping action than, Where the teeth extendacrOBsth'e teeth at right angles to'the sides of the pawl, and, be.

sides, in the lattereonstruction, when thecontact falls betweenitwo straight teeth, the pawl willslip on the pipe from one tooth to another, as before stated, whereas in the oblique or diagonal arrangement of theteeth this slipping is impossible. By constructingthe face of the pawl tapering, so that it inclines downward toward the wrench-shank, with the teeth constructed and arranged as described, it will be moved smoothly and evenly out- "it practically impossible for the pawl to slip on the pipe if .the wrench be properly used,

ward until the pipe-is centered in the angular recess of the pipe-jaw. 2, as hereinatter explained.

The operation of the wrench is somewhat sin 1ilar to ordinary wrenches in whicha ser-' rated pawl slides on an incline at the end of the shank or body. If the pipe be inserted between the 'stationarypipe-jaw 2 and the pawl, and the jawed sleeve 7 be adjusted toe sa dri -iwt he rineivilh estow 5 along thef'i'nnens'lope ofithe wall of the recess 4, and consequently said pipe will-move laterally in'adirection away from thewrench-v shank, and'at the same time the pipe,;acting on the pawl, will force the latter outwardly until the pipe is centered in said recess 4, and thus the pawl automatically'moves and adjusts itself to the pipe and to pipes of vary pawl moves outward away from the'wrench mg diameter, and is always brought into the proper position for jts grip action. When the wrench is turned. torotate the pipe, the oblique teeth on the pawl grip'the pipe at several dilferent points in oblique lines and.

the pawlhasa tendency to move inward to' secure binding action. When the wrench is turned back to obtain a new. purchase, the

shank torelease the grip, and so on until the pipe is tnrned'the requisite'extent. The nut? jaws operate on varying-sized nuts in the ordinary manner, the j,aw'edsleeve-.beingad-g V justable toiincrease or diminish the space between the respective jaws.

Prionto 'my invent-ion in all adjustable preriches-E-that is,. wrenches having adj ustable'jaws tooperate' on niits' and pipes-of varying size in diameter-the teeth of the grippawl have extended in lines at right an les to the sides of the pawl, or to a line.ta en lengthwise'through the pawl -from its inner end next the wrench-shank to its outer end farthestfromthewrench-shank. Thewrench having an adjustable jawed sleeve for operating on nuts andpipes of difierent diameters 'iis'ih'e onem'ostlargelydemanded by the trade, and a self-adjusting pawl on the jawed sleeve to alternately grip and release pipes of varying diameter is the kind most largely used because of its automatic action; but so far as I'am aware no wrench of the kind mentioned has ever heretofore been provided with a selfadjusting pawl having oblique teeth so arranged that even when'operating the'smallest diameter of pipe made. the contact between the pipe and the. pawl can never fall between the points of two teeth, and thereby render even if the teeth be dull from use.

.A wrenchhaving nov adjustable jaw has little demand in the market, for the reason .that a nut or pipe cannot be properly seized .to turn itif tight. Its use is so restricted as to render it of but little value, and it be-' the elongated slotted shank' fitting into a re cess formed in the jaw of the sleeve and having lateral side flanges to give the pawl a base of support.- substantially equal to the width of the face of the jawand provided with teeth extending across its face directly opposite the elongated shank in oblique lines try-prevent the pawl slipping on pipes when acting thereon, substantially as described. I

Intesti mony whereof I affix my sig presence of two witnesses. "BERNARD DONAHUE.

Witnesses:

Law sPmLlrs, .sanunn GQLDsrroxna.

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